The Neo-INSPIRe trial is an unblinded, multicentre, randomised trial of a novel aerosolized surfactant drug/device combination. Recent trials from high-resourced countries utilising aerosolized surfactant have had a low quality of evidence and varying outcomes. Aerosolized surfactant can be given without the need for airway instrumentation and may be employed in areas where these skills are scarce. Less invasive methods of surfactant administration, along with the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), have improved outcomes of preterm infants. Respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. A multicentre neonatal interventional randomised controlled trial of nebulized surfactant for preterm infants with respiratory distress: Neo-INSPIRe trial protocol
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